Wheelchair ramps are becoming commonplace in homes, providing residents with more independence and mobility. They allow people to remain in their homes even when age, accidents or other reasons make their living space difficult or even impossible to maneuver.
Many people ask us about the legal requirements for installing a wheelchair ramp in their homes. We’ve got answers! Read below to learn about building specifications and recommendations for wheelchair ramps.
ADA Guidelines
The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 establishes legal standards for making buildings and public spaces accessible to people with disabilities. It provides civil rights protections and protects people from discrimination.
Wheelchair ramp guidelines are included in the legislation, which commercial and public properties are required to follow. Private homes aren’t legally obligated to adhere to ADA laws, but the guidelines can be very helpful to ensure the best possible — and safest — accommodations are made. The guidelines here follow the ADA requirements.
Local building codes can vary, however, so check with your city or county building office to clarify any specifications related to your home modifications, or contact us for more information.
Ramp Slope
The angle of a wheelchair ramp is important to get correct. If it’s too steep it can be hard to control one’s downward speed or may be too difficult to ascend.
ADA guidelines require a pitch ratio of 1:12, or 12 inches in length for every inch the ramp rises. For example, if a ramp is 12 feet long, it should increase its slope no more than 1 foot. The ADA recommends that slopes be even more gradual (1:16 or 1:20) if possible.
If your ramp is only going to be used by electric wheelchair users or will be pushed manually by a partner, some manufacturers allow for a pitch ratio of up to 1:8, or one inch in elevation for every 8 inches in ramp length. (This applies only to private residences.)
To calculate the necessary length for your ramp, measure the distance from the highest step (landing) to the ground. This should be a fully vertical (straight up and down) measurement. For every inch of this measurement, add a foot to the length of the ramp. For example, if the vertical distance is 2 feet (24 inches), then the ramp needs to be at least 24 feet long.
If the ramp rises at least 6 inches, it’s required to have handrails along the entire length of the ramp.
Ramp Length
The minimum width for a wheelchair ramp is 48 inches for commercial or public buildings, and 36 inches for private homes.
If a ramp is at least 72 inches long, it’s required to have handrails along the entire length of the ramp.
Ramp Width
The minimum width for a wheelchair ramp is 36 inches for private homes (48 inches for commercial or public buildings).
The edges of the ramp must have raised edges to help prevent users from sliding off the side.
Entryways and Landings
The minimum width for a wheelchair ramp is 36 inches for private homes (48 inches for commercial or public buildings).
The beginning and end of the ramp must allow a landing space of at least 5 feet long plus the minimum width of the ramp itself. All landings must be level (zero slope).
Wheelchair Ramp Requirements for Homes
It may also help to remember that when you purchase a pre-built ramp from a manufacturer, it should already meet the minimum requirements for home use. Don’t hesitate to ask the seller if you’re unsure about any details.
Wheelchair ramps may be constructed from metal and must have non-slip surfaces.
These wheelchair ramp requirements for homes have been established by experts in an effort to keep people safe. If you have any questions or concerns about these requirements, contact the team at Omicelo Health. We’re here to help you make your home a safe and healthy place for you and your family to enjoy life!
